- Hon. Senator Edgardo J. Angara
- Senator
- 14th Congress – June 30 2007 to June 30, 2010
- Address:
- Rm. 504 5th Flr., GSIS Bldg., Financial Center,
- Roxas Blvd.,
- Pasay City
- Voice:(632) 552-6779 / (632) 552-6852
- Fax:(632) 552-6601 loc. 5572
- edgardo_angara@hotmail.com
Edgardo J. Angara, first elected in 1987, is the longest serving Senator in the post-EDSA Senate and considered one of the best legislators in contemporary history.
The gentleman from Aurora began his political career when he was elected as one of the youngest delegates to the 1971 Constitutional Convention. A year later he founded what would become one of the country’s top law firms, ACCRA.
It was his tenure as President of University of the Philippines from 1981-1987 where he made his mark and rose to national prominence.
Republic of the Philippines
FOURTEENTH CONGRESS
Senate of the Philippines
2007-2010
.
Senate President: Manny Villar (2007-2008)
Senate President: Juan Ponce Enrile (2008-Present)
President Pro Tempore: Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada
Majority Leader: Kiko Pangilinan (2007-2008)
Majority Leader: Juan Miguel F. Zubiri (2008-Present)
Minority Floor Leader: Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr.
Secretary: Â Emma L. Reyes
.
SENATORS:
Edgardo J. Angara
Benigno S. Aquino III
Joker P. Arroyo
Rodolfo G. Biazon
Alan Peter Compañero S. Cayetano
Compañera Pia S. Cayetano
Miriam Defensor Santiago
Francis “Chiz” G. Escudero
Richard “Dick” Gordon
Gregorio B. Honasan II
Panfilo M. Lacson
Manuel “Lito” M. Lapid
Loren B. Legarda
Jamby A.S. Madrigal
Ramon “Bong” Revilla, Jr.
Mar A. Roxas
Antonio Fuentes Trillanes IV
GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO (1947-Â Â Â ) Fourteenth and the Second Woman President of the Republic of the Philippines.
January 20, 2001 – Present
PERSONAL DATA
- Date of Birth: April 5, 1947
- Place of Birth: San Juan, Rizal
- Father: Diosdado Macapagal, Sr.
- Mother: Evangelina Macaraeg
- Espouse: Atty. Jose Miguel T. Arroyo
- Children: Juan Miguel, Evengelina Lourdes and Diosdado Ignacio
EDUCATION
Elementary and High School
College
- Bachelor of Science in Commerce, Assumption Convent (1968)
- Bachelor of Arts in Economics, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
- UPSE Fellowship, (1970-1971)
- Japan Foundation Grant (1976-1977)
- Master of Arts in Economics, Ateneo de Manila University (1978)
- Rockefeller Foundation, Scholarship (1978-1983)
- PhD in Economics, University of the Philippines (1985)
She taught at Maryknoll College (now Miriam College), St. Scholastica College, Ateneo de Manila University and School of Economics of the University of the Philippines. She was head of the Department of Economics of the College of The Assumption, (1984-1987).
Was Head and President of the UP Health Maintenance Organ-ization (UPHMO), (1989-1998), Managing Editor, Center for the Economic Progress of the Philippines. (PCED, 1994-1998) and Head, UPEcon Foundation, (1994-1998).
She started in the public service when she was named Assistant secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry from 1989 to 1992.
Topped the senatorial race in 1992 and 1995. Served as Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development under the government of Joseph Estrada. Authored 55 bills on economic and social reforms.
Voted Outstanding Senator of the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines. Tagged by Asiaweek Magazine as one of the Most Powerful Women in Asia. Honored as Woman of the Year by the Association of the Catholic Teachers of the Philippines.
Elected Vice President of the Republic of the Philippines on May 11, 1998 where the total votes she garnered exceeded that of President Estrada’s.
Took oath under Chief Justice Hilario Davide as President of the Republic of the Philippines on January 20, 2001 at the EDSA Shrine after President Estrada left Malacanang.
Elected President of the Republic of the Philippines for six years in , the national election of May 10,2004.
Reaped the ire of the people because she sided with President George Bush of the United States when he declared war on Iraq. Her popularity started to fall triggered by the hello-Garci tape, NBN-ZTE Scandal, and Fertilizer scandal.
Her government faced a fiscal crisis because of the continued increase in the price of oil in the world market and the worsening economy triggered by the US crisis.
JOSEPH ESTRADA (1935- ), Thirteenth President of the Republic of the Philippines.
TERM OF OFFICE: June 30, 1998 – Jan. 20, 2001
PERSONAL DATA
- Date of Birth: April 19, 1937
- Place of Birth: Tondo, Manila
- Father: Engr. Emilio Ejercito
- Mother: Maria Marcelo
- Espouse: Dra. Luisa Pimentel
- Children: Jinggoy, Jacqueline and Jude
EDUCATION
- Elementary and High School:
- Tondo, Manila
- San Juan, Metro Manila
- College:
- Ateneo de Manila University
- Mapua Institute of Technology
- Doctor of Humanities, honoris causa, Pamantasan ng Pangasinan, (1990)
Filipino film actor and director, later politician and Vice-President (1992-1998) and President (1998- ) of the Philippines. Born in Manila, Estrada dropped out of college to start a career in films at the age of 21. Since then he has made over 120 films, many of them in the action-comedy genre in which he played heroes drawn from the lower levels of society. He won several of the highest Philippine awards for direction and acting. His political career began in 1969 when he was elected mayor of the municipality of San Juan in Metro Manila. There he devoted himself to tackling crime and served as mayor for 17 years. In 1987 he was elected to the Philippine senate. Although criticized for inactivity during his period in the senate, Estrada was among the leading advocates of a termination of the lease on United States military bases in the Philippines. His popularity as an actor contributed to his convincing win in the vice-presidential election in 1992, even though he was running on a different ticket to that of the winning president, Fidel Ramos. As Vice-President, Estrada headed an anti-crime commission that carried over the tactics of his film roles into real life. He won the May 1998 presidential elections convincingly on a populist platform, taking power from his former superior President Ramos. Besides his involvement in politics and acting, Estrada has been active in charitable work and in founding the Movie Workers’ Foundation to assist the development of the film industry in the Philippines.
He was the first president to be prosecuted because of abuse of power and his involvement to some illegal activities November 13, 2000. Estrada was Forcibly relieved of his position due to loss of confidence of the people, resignation of several cabinet members, and the transfer of support and allegiance of his military officers to his opponent which caused the success of People Power Revolution known as EDSA II.
He was Arrested on April 25, 2001 while his case was being tried. He was placed under House Arrest at his house in Tanay, Rizal. He received presidential pardon in 2008 from Pres. Gloria Arroyo restoring his constitutional rights.
FIDEL V. RAMOS (1928- ), Twelfth President of the Republic of the Philippines.
TERM OF OFFICE: June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
PERSONAL DATA
- Date of Birth: March 18, 1928
- Place of Birth: Lingayen, Pangasinan
- Father: Atty. Narciso Ramos
- Mother: Angela Valdez
- Espouse: Amelita Martinez
EDUCATION
Elementary and High School
- Padilla Elementary School
College
- Philippine Military Academy, (1947)
- U.S. Military Academy, West Point New York, U.S (1950)
- Civil Engineering Masteral Degree, University of Illinois (1951)
- Associate Infantry Company Officer’s Course, Fort Benning, Georgia
- MBA, Ateneo de Manila University
Filipino soldier and politician, President from 1992 to 1998, and one of the leaders of the 1986 EDSA revolution in the Philippines that drove President Ferdinand Marcos from power. Fidel “Eddie†Ramos was the son of a diplomat and legislator who served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs. After winning a government scholarship to the United States Military Academy at West Point and studying engineering at the University of Illinois, he saw active service in the Korean War and was Chief of Staff (1966-1968) to the Philippine Civil Action Group in Vietnam.
His service to the state continued through the Marcos years, during which he headed the Philippine Constabulary (now the Philippine National Police) and served as Vice-Chief of Staff of the armed forces for five years. Ramos was also identified as one of the “Rolex Twelveâ€, the group of close associates of the president. However, he switched sides in the struggle for power in February 1986, aligning himself with Corazon Aquino and the “People Power†movement against Marcos. He and Juan Ponce Enrile led the resistance to Marcos centred on two military camps. He was rewarded with promotion to Chief of Staff and then, in January 1988, with the post of Defence Minister in Aquino’s government. He increased his popularity during these years by helping to defeat a series of coup attempts against Aquino.
Aquino nominated Ramos as her choice for President in the 1992 elections. Ramos won a narrow victory to become the 12th president of the Philippine Republic. His immediate priorities were to deal with the energy crisis and the economy; he tackled economic problems through policies of fiscal transparency and deregulation, as well as less popular methods such as extending value added tax. Ramos also sought to end insurgencies by Communist and Muslim rebels, and formed a National Unification Commission in August 1992 to oversee this. In the same month he gave permission for the return of Ferdinand Marcos’s remains to the Philippines. Legislative elections held in June 1995 that were presented by Ramos as a referendum on his administration led to overwhelming victory for his supporters; by this time, his policies had reformed the Philippine economy and lifted its growth rate closer to that of other Pacific Rim “tiger economiesâ€. In October he took personal charge of the government’s campaign against organized crime. The withdrawal of the Lakas ng Edsa party from the ruling coalition weakened Ramos’s support, but he was still able to put through an important economic liberalization package in March 1996. In September the government concluded a landmark agreement with the Muslim secessionist Moro National Liberation Front in Mindanao, ending the long-term insurgency there. Congressional opposition to suspected moves by Ramos to amend the constitution, allowing him to stand for a second term in 1998, led to the ousting in October 1996 of the Senate president Neptali Gonzales, a firm Ramos supporter.
In March 1997 the Philippines Supreme Court rejected a campaign by Ramos supporters to allow a second presidential term, confirming its decision in June. In September 1997 a mass rally in Manila, attended by Cardinal Jaime Sin and Corazon Aquino among others, demonstrated against all efforts to change the constitution to allow Ramos a second term. In December, Ramos duly endorsed his chosen presidential candidate. However, the presidential elections in May 1998 were won by Ramos’s former vice-president, Joseph Estrada.
Endorsed by the outgoing president Corazon Aquino, former defense minister Fidel Ramos narrowly won the 1992 presidential elections in the Philippines. His government successfully enacted economic liberalization measures, invigorating the Philippines’ economy. He also negotiated a peace treaty with the Muslim rebel group in Mindanao, ending a long-standing uprising there.
CORAZON C. AQUINO (1933-2009), 11TH President of the Philippines and 1st woman President of the Republic. Icon of modern democracy that overthrown a dictator.
TERM OF OFFICE: February 26, 1986- June 30, 1992.
PERSONAL DATA
- Date of Birth: January 25, 1933
- Place of Birth: Manila
- Father: Jose Cojuangco
- Mother: Demetria Sumulong
- Espouse: Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino, Jr.
- Children: Maria, Aurora, Benigno III, Victoria and Kristina
- Died: August 1 2009
EDUCATION
Elementary and Secondary
- St. Scholastica’s College
- Ravenhill Academy in Philadelphia, United States
- Notre Dame Convent School in New York
College
- Bachelor of Arts, College of Mount Saint Vincent in New York (1953)
- Doctor of Humanities, honoris causa, College of Mount Saint Vincent, New York, Ateneo de Manila University, Xavier University (Philippines)
- Doctor of Humanities, honoris causa, University of Boston, Fordham University, Waseda University (Tokyo), Far Eastern University, and University of Sto. Tomas
- Honoris Causa, Stonehill College (Massachusetts)
Corazon (Cory), born Corazon Cojuanco, was the daughter of a wealthy landed family and was educated in Manila and at Roman Catholic convent schools in the United States. She graduated from Mount St Vincent College in New York and studied law at Far Eastern University in Manila. She married Benigno Simeon Aquino (Ninoy)- Marcos number 1 critic and opposition, in 1954.
She moved with her husband to the United States following his release from prison in 1980. After his assassination at Manila Airport in 1983, Corazon went to the Philippines for her husband’s funeral and stayed to work in the legislative election campaign. The opposition won one-third of the seats in 1984. Marcos called presidential elections for February 1986, and she became the opposition candidate for president. Marcos, declaring himself victor in the February 7 election, was inaugurated on February 25. An army revolt under Fidel Ramos and others, and demonstrations on her behalf, led to Aquino’s inauguration on the same day, in the so-called EDSA Revolution. Marcos accepted asylum in the United States, while Aquino formed a provisional government. She implemented a new constitution ratified by a landslide popular vote, and held legislative elections in 1987, but opposition within the military, a continuing Communist insurgency, and severe economic problems plagued her presidency. She declined to run for a second term in 1992, yielding the presidency to her favoured candidate Ramos. In 1995 she ran a “Never Again†campaign during national elections to prevent the election of Marcos’s son, Ferdinand Marcos, Jr., and the former army colonel and coup plotter Gregorio Honasan. In 1996 she campaigned to prevent President Ramos from changing the constitution to permit a second presidential term.
Aquino became President and won the enactment of a new constitution in February 1987. Although she won a vote of confidence in legislative elections that May, military unrest, coupled with popular discontent at the slow pace of economic reform, continued to threaten her government. US Air Force jets assisted Philippine government forces in suppressing a coup attempt in December 1989. In 1991 damage from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in central Luzon led the United States to abandon nearby Clark Air Base; the Philippine senate then refused to renew the lease on the lone remaining US base, Subic Bay Naval Station, which the United States closed in November 1992. Aquino declined to run in the May 1992 presidential election; instead, she endorsed the eventual winner, her former Defense Secretary, Fidel Valdez Ramos.
Corazon Aquino became the first woman president of the Philippines in 1986 when she defeated Ferdinand E. Marcos. After she became president, she abolished the National Assembly and replaced the constitution with a new one that was adopted by popular vote in 1987. She had been married to Benigno Aquino (staunch opposition of President Marcos) who was assassinated in 1983.
FERDINAND E. MARCOS (1917-1989). The Tenth President of the Republic of the Philippines
TERM OF OFFICE: December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986
PERSONAL DATA
- Date of Birth: September 11, 1917
- Place of Birth: Sarrat, llocos Norte
- Father: Mariano Marcos
- Mother: Josefa Edralin
- Espouse: Imelda Romualdez
- Children: Maria Imelda, Ferdinand Jr., and Irene
- Date of Death: September 28, 1989
- Place of Death: Makiki, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Age at death: 72
EDUCATION
Elementary and Secondary
- Paaralang Sentral ng Sarrat
- Mababang Paaralan ng Shamrock in Laoag
- Mababang Paaralan ng Ermita
- Integrated School, University of the Philippines, (1933)
College
- Humanities, University of the Philippines, 1936
- Bachelor of Law, University of the Philippines
As a student in UP, he was Battalion Commandant, with a rank of Major Cadet and head of the Rifle and Pistol Team of the University of the Philippines. He received the President Manuel Quezon Medal Award because of his Graduation Thesis.
He was accused of conspiring in the killing of Representative Julio Nalundasan, political opponent of his father in 1938. The next year, he became topnotcher in the bar examinations in November 1939, and he Defended himself before the Supreme Court in the murder case filed against him and was acquitted in November, 1940.
Was one of the war prisoners in the infamous Death March to Capas, Tarlac and at Fort Santiago during the second world war.
He was thrice elected as congressman of llocos Norte, (1949, 1953 at 1957), at the age of 32, he was the youngest member of the House of Representatives and head of the minority group. He became Senator (1959), the first candidate of the minority to top the senatorial race; head of the minority group, and became president of the senate (1963).
He was President of the Republic of the Philippines (November 1965). He Popularized the slogan This country will be great again. Was reelected for another four-year term in 1969 – the first to be reelected to the Presidency in the history of the Philippines. Ordered the making of several irrigation systems in the countryside and promoted the miracle rice nationwide.
The bloodiest demonstration under his regime took place on January 30, 1970 at the Mendiola Bridge. He suspended the Writ of Habeas Corpus on August 21, 1971 to restore peace and order after the bombing of the rally of the Liberal Party in Plaza Miranda.
Implemented Martial Law and suspended the 1935 Constitution (September 21, 1972). Proclaimed the 1973 Constitution which prolonged,his reign. During Martial Law, Bagong Lipunan was born. He became the first Prime Minister of the Parliamentary form of government.
He signed the end of Martial Law on January 17, 1981 through Proclamation 2045 and was reelected President for a six-year term after Martial Law.
He called a snap election for president on February 7, 1986 , and declared himself victorious, alledgedly won over Corazon Aquino.
Was overthrown by the historic People’s Power on February 25, 1986. He fled and was exiled in Hawaii. His remains were brought back to the Philippines in 1992.
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL (1910-Â ), The Ninth President of the Republic of the Philippines
TERM OF OFFICE: December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965
PERSONAL DATA
- Date of Birth: September 28, 1910
- Place of Birth: Lubao, Pampanga
- Father: Urbano Macapagal
- Mother: Romana Pangan
- First wife: Purita de la Rosa
- Second Wife: Dra. Evangelina Macaraeg
- Children by Purita de la Rosa: Cielo and Arthur
- Children by Dra. Evangelina Macaraeg: Diosdado, Jr. and Gloria
- Date of Death: April 21,1997
- Place of Death: Makati
- Cause of Death: Heart disease, severe colds and kidney trouble.
- Age at Death: 87
EDUCATION
Elementary and High School
- Mababang Paaralan ng Lubao (1925)
- Mataas na Paaralan ng Pampanga (1929)
College
- Associate of Arts, University of the Philippines
- Scholar, Philippine Law School,
- Bachelor of Law, University of Sto. Tomas (1936)
- Master of Laws, (1941)
- Doctor of Public Laws, (1947)
- Doctor of Philosophy in Economics (1957)
Filipino reformist president of the Republic of the Philippines from 1961 to 1965. After receiving his law degree, Macapagal was admitted to the bar in 1936. During World War II he practiced law in Manila and aided the anti-Japanese resistance. After the war he worked in a law firm and in 1948 served as second secretary to the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C. The following year he was elected to a seat in the Philippine House of Representatives, serving until 1956. During this time he was Philippine representative to the United Nations General Assembly three times. From 1957 to 1961 Macapagal was a member of the Liberal Party and vice president under Nacionalista president Carlos Garcia. In the 1961 elections, however, he ran against Garcia, forging a coalition of the Liberal and Progressive parties and making a crusade against corruption a principal element of his platform. He was elected by a wide margin.
While president, Macapagal worked to suppress graft and corruption and to stimulate the Philippine economy. He placed the peso on the free currency-exchange market, encouraged exports, and sought to curb income tax evasion, particularly by the wealthiest families, which cost the treasury millions of pesos yearly. His reforms, however, were crippled by a House of Representatives and Senate dominated by the Nacionalistas, and he was defeated in the 1965 elections by Ferdinand Marcos.
In 1972 he chaired the convention that drafted the 1973 constitution only to question in 1981 the validity of its ratification. In 1979 he organized the National Union for Liberation as an opposition party to the Marcos regime.
CARLOS P. GARCIA (1896-1971), Eighth President of the Pebublic of the Philippines
TERM OF OFFICE: March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961
PERSONAL DATA
- Date of Birth: November 4, 1896
- Place of Birth: Talibon, Bohol
- Father: Policarpio Garcia
- Mother: Ambrosia Polistico
- Espouse: Leonila Dimatiga
- Child: Linda Garcia-Campos
- Date of Death: June 14, 1957
- Cause of Death: Heart attack
- Age at death: 61
EDUCATION
Elementary and High School
- Mababang Paaralan ng Talibon, Bohol
- Mataas na Paaralang Panlalawigan ng Cebu
College
- Siliman University, Dumaguete Cify
- Bachetor of Law, Philippine Law School (1923)
Eighth President of the Republic of the Philippines. After graduating from law school in 1923, he became, successively, a schoolteacher, representative in the Philippine Congress, Governor of his province (Bohol), and then (1941-53) as Senator. During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II, Garcia was active in the resistance movement. He was elected Vice President on the ticket of the Nacionalista Party in 1953 and was also Minister of Foreign Affairs (1953-57). He became President of the Philippines in March 1957, upon the death of Pres. Ramon Magsaysay, and was elected to a full four-year term the same year. He maintained the strong traditional ties with the United States and sought closer relations with non-Communist Asian countries. In the election of November 1961 he was defeated by Vice Pres. Diosdado Macapagal.
RAMON MAGSAYSAY (1907-1957),Seventh President of the Republic of the Philippines.
TERM OF OFFICE: December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957
PERSONAL DATA
- Date of Birth: August 3,1907
- Place of Birth: Iba, Zambales
- Father: Exequiel Magsaysay
- Mother: Perfecta de Fierro
- Espouse: Perfecta de Fierro
- Children: Teresita, Milagros and Ramon Jr
- Date of Death: March 7, 1957
- Place of Death: Mt.Manunggal, Cebu
- Cause of Death: Plane crash
- Age at Death: 50
EDUCATION
Elementaryand Secondary
- Mababang Paaralan ng Castillejos
- Zambales Academy
College
- Mechanical Engineering, University of the Philippines (1927)
- Bachelor of Sience in Commerce, Jose Rizal College (1932)
Philippine statesman, born in Iba, and educated at the University of the Philippines and José Rizal College. From 1942 to 1945, during World War II, he organized and led the guerrilla force that fought the Japanese. He was elected (1946) and re-elected (1949) on the Liberal party ticket to the Philippine House of Representatives. An advocate of stronger government action against the Communist-led Hukbalahap (Huk) guerrillas, he was appointed secretary of national defence in 1950. He reorganized and strengthened the army and the constabulary and intensified the campaign to crush Huk resistance, waging one of the most successful antiguerrilla campaigns in modern history by winning over the peasantry and preserving tight military discipline. In 1953 Magsaysay resigned his post as defence secretary and became the presidential candidate of the Nationalist party after criticizing the Liberal government. He was elected president of the Philippines in November 1953, but his efforts to reform the country were frustrated by wealthy landowner interests in the national congress. He died in a plane crash.
In 1953 the government attempted unsuccessfully to end the Huk rebellion by a peace parley with the rebel leaders. In the presidential elections, held on November 10, former Defence Minister Ramón Magsaysay won a decisive victory over the incumbent Quirino, and because of his vigorous conduct of the campaign against the Huks, the back of the rebellion was broken, although it was not entirely suppressed.
Congress approved, on August 11, 1955, legislation empowering President Magsaysay to break up large landed estates and distribute the land to tenant farmers. On September 6 the Philippines and the United States concluded a trade agreement on private US investment in Philippine enterprises.
In the mid-1950s the United States and the Philippines jointly acknowledged Philippine ownership of US military bases in the islands. The Philippine Senate also ratified the peace treaty with Japan and a Philippine-Japanese agreement providing for US$800 million in Japanese reparations.
Magsaysay died on March 17, 1957, in an air crash, and the next day Vice-President Carlos P. Garcia was sworn in as President. In June a statute outlawing the Communist Party was promulgated. The statute provided a maximum sentence of death for active party membership but allowed surrender without penalty within 30 days after promulgation. Some 1,400 holdouts of the Huk movement surrendered. Garcia was subsequently elected president, and Diosdado Macapagal, an opposition Liberal Party candidate, was elected Vice-President. Macapagal was elected President in 1961, but in the elections of 1965 he lost to the Nationalist candidate, Ferdinand Marcos.
Magsaysay was elected president of the Philippines in 1953 and served four years in office. Magsaysay was a strong opponent of the Communist-led Huk guerrillas, and he reorganized and strengthened the armed forces in a campaign to crush them. He was killed in a plane crash in 1957
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